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Among the desired properties of steel material, machinability is important. During the manufacturing phase, criteria such as high cutting speeds and accordingly processing time, tool life, good surface quality, and energy savings by using lower cutting forces are directly related to material quality, along with other factors. In order to provide this quality, free cutting steels have been developed.
Free cutting steels are steels with a carbon content between 0.07 and 0.60% and a sulfur content between 0.15% and 0.40%, and a phosphorus ratio between 0.07 and 0.10%. Although it tries to reduce sulfur and phosphorus in all other grades, it is especially added to free cutting steels because it increases the machining capability. These added elements provide metallic fragility in the material and provide short brittle chip formation. In addition, the addition of sulfur and phosphorus provides a lubricating effect, increasing the strength of the part and providing a clean surface.
Free cutting steels can also be found alloyed with lead. The added lead does not change the mechanical properties of the steel, but increases its lubricating properties.
Free cutting steels also have the properties of being reformed and cemented.
CUTTING STEELS AND COMPOSITIONS | |||||||||
material no. | DIN (OLD) | DIN (NEW) | SAE / AISI | NS | NS | mn | Pmax | NS | pb |
NO HEAT TREATMENT | |||||||||
1.0711 | 9S 20 | 1212 | 0.00-0.12 | 0.10-0.35 | 0.75-1.10 | 0.03 | 0.08-0.13 | – | |
1.0715 | 9 SMn 28 | 11SMN30 | 1213 | 0.00-0.14 | 0.00-0.05 | 0.90-1.30 | 0.11 | 0.27-0.33 | – |
1.0718 | 9 SMnPb 28 | 11SMNPB30 | 12L13 | 0.00-0.14 | 0.00-0.05 | 0.90-1.30 | 0.11 | 0.27-0.33 | 0.20-0.35 |
1.0736 | 9 SMn 36 | 11SMN37 | 1215 | 0.00-0.14 | 0.00-0.05 | 1.00-1.50 | 0.11 | 0.34-0.40 | – |
1.0737 | 9 SMnPb 36 | 11SMNPB37 | 12L14 | 0.00-0.14 | 0.00-0.05 | 1.00-1.50 | 0.11 | 0.34-0.40 | 0.20-0.35 |
CAN BE CEMENTED | |||||||||
1.0721 | 10S 20 | 1108 | 0.00-0.12 | 0.10-0.35 | 0.75-1.10 | 0.03 | 0.08-0.13 | – | |
1.0722 | 10 SPb 20 | 11L08 | 0.07-0.13 | 0.00-0.40 | 0.70-1.10 | 0.060 | 0.15-0.25 | 0.20-0.35 | |
CAN BE IMPROVED | |||||||||
1.0726 | 35S 20 | 1140 | 0.32-0.39 | 0.00-0.40 | 0.70-1.10 | 0.060 | 0.15-0.25 | – | |
1.0727 | 45S 20 | 1146 | 0.42-0.50 | 0.00-0.40 | 0.70-1.10 | 0.060 | 0.15-0.25 | – | |
1.0728 | 60S 20 | – | 0.57-0.65 | 0.10-0.30 | 0.70-1.10 | 0.060 | 0.18-0.25 | – |
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES FOR COLD-DRAWN FREEMADE STEELS | |||||||||||||||
material no. | DIN (OLD) | DIN (NEW) | SAE / AISI | DO NOT PULL | FLOWING | RUPTURE | |||||||||
STRENGTH | LIMIT | EXTENSION | |||||||||||||
(MPa) | ( ? mpa ) | ( ? % ) | |||||||||||||
– 10mm | 10mm – | 16mm – | 40mm – | – 10mm | 10mm – | 16mm – | 40mm – | – 10mm | 10mm – | 16mm – | 40mm – | ||||
16mm | 40mm | 63mm | 16mm | 40mm | 63mm | 16mm | 40mm | 63mm | |||||||
1.0711 | 9S 20 | 1212 | 540-780 | 490-740 | 460-710 | 390-640 | 410 | 390 | 355 | 295 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | |
1.0715 | 9 SMn 28 | 11SMN30 | 1213 | 560-800 | 510-760 | 460-710 | 410-660 | 440 | 410 | 375 | 305 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
1.0718 | 9 SMnPb 28 | 11SMNPB30 | 12L13 | 560-800 | 510-760 | 460-710 | 410-660 | 440 | 410 | 375 | 305 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
1.0736 | 9 SMn 36 | 11SMN37 | 1215 | 540-780 | 490-740 | 460-710 | 390-640 | 410 | 390 | 355 | 295 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
1.0737 | 9 SMnPb 36 | 11SMNPB37 | 12L14 | 540-780 | 490-740 | 460-710 | 390-640 | 410 | 390 | 355 | 295 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
1.0721 | 10S 20 | 1108 | 640-880 | 590-830 | 540-740 | 510-710 | 490 | 400 | 315 | 285 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | |
1.0722 | 10 SPb 20 | 11L08 | 740-980 | 690-930 | 640-830 | 610-800 | 570 | 470 | 375 | 325 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | |
1.0726 | 35S 20 | 1140 | 830-1080 | 780-1030 | 740-930 | 710-900 | 645 | 540 | 430 | 355 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | |
1.0727 | 45S 20 | 1146 | 560-800 | 540-780 | 490-740 | 430-680 | 440 | 430 | 390 | 315 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | |
1.0728 | 60S 20 | – | 560-800 | 540-780 | 490-740 | 430-680 | 440 | 430 | 390 | 315 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES FOR NORMAL ANNEALED FREE STEELS | |||||||||||
material no. | RELIGION | SAE / AISI | NORMAL ANNEALING TEMPERATURE ( °C ) | DO NOT PULL | FLOWING | RUPTURE | |||||
STRENGTH | LIMIT | EXTENSION | |||||||||
(MPa) | ( ? mpa ) | ( ? % ) | |||||||||
– 16mm | 16mm – | 40mm – | – 16mm | 16mm – | 40mm – | – 63 | |||||
40mm | 63mm | 40mm | 63mm | ||||||||
1.0711 | 9S 20 | 1212 | 890-920 | – 350 | – 350 | – 350 | 225 | 215 | 205 | 25 | |
1.0715 | 9 SMn 28 | 11SMN30 | 1213 | 890-920 | – 370 | – 370 | – 370 | 235 | 225 | 215 | 23 |
1.0718 | 9 SMnPb 28 | 11SMNPB30 | 12L13 | 890-920 | – 370 | – 370 | – 370 | 235 | 225 | 215 | 23 |
1.0736 | 9 SMn 36 | 11SMN37 | 1215 | 890-920 | – 350 | – 350 | – 350 | 225 | 215 | 205 | 25 |
1.0737 | 9 SMnPb 36 | 11SMNPB37 | 12L14 | 890-920 | – 350 | – 350 | – 350 | 225 | 215 | 215 | 25 |
1.0721 | 10S 20 | 1108 | 860-890 | 480-600 | 480-600 | 480-600 | 295 | 285 | 275 | 18 | |
1.0722 | 10 SPb 20 | 11L08 | 840-870 | 580-700 | 580-700 | 580-700 | 335 | 325 | 315 | 14 | |
1.0726 | 35S 20 | 1140 | 820-870 | 660-780 | 650-770 | 640-760 | 365 | 355 | 345 | 9 | |
1.0727 | 45S 20 | 1146 | 890-920 | – 380 | – 370 | – 360 | 235 | 225 | 215 | 23 | |
1.0728 | 60S 20 | – | 890-920 | – 380 | – 370 | – 360 | 235 | 225 | 215 | 23 |
APPLICATIONS OF SLOPPING STEELS | ||||||||
material no. | RELIGION | DIN (NEW) | SAE / AISI | USAGE PLACES | ||||
1.0711 | 9S 20 | 1212 | Mass-produced parts in the automotive industry, apparatus and device construction | |||||
1.0715 | 9 SMn 28 | 11SMN30 | 1213 | Automotive industry, widely used in mass manufacturing as a high strength free cutting steel in device and apparatus construction. | ||||
1.0718 | 9 SMnPb 28 | 11SMNPB30 | 12L13 | Automotive industry, widely used in mass manufacturing as a high strength free cutting steel in device and apparatus construction. | ||||
1.0721 | 10S 20 | 1108 | Serial parts that require cementation in the automotive industry, device apparatus and machine construction | |||||
1.0722 | 10 SPb 20 | 11L08 | Better machinability with lead addition in automotive industry, device apparatus and machine building | |||||
1.0726 | 35S 20 | 1140 | Medium-strength serial parts that require improvement in the automotive industry, device apparatus and machine construction | |||||
1.0727 | 45S 20 | 1146 | In the automotive industry, in device apparatus and machine construction, high-strength serial parts that require improvement | |||||
1.0728 | 60S 20 | – | In the automotive industry, in device apparatus and machine construction, high-strength serial parts that require improvement | |||||
1.0736 | 9 SMn 36 | 11SMN37 | 1215 | Serial parts that require cementation in the automotive industry, device apparatus and machine construction | ||||
1.0737 | 9 SMnPb 36 | 11SMNPB37 | 12L14 | Serial parts that require cementation in the automotive industry, device apparatus and machine construction. lead added |