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100. Yıl Bulvarı No:101/A 06374 OSTİM/Ankara |
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+90 (312) 385 50-90 |
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+90 (312) 354 58-98 |
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ostim@ostim.org.tr |
Adres: 1200. CADDE (ESKİ 29) 120-122
Tel 1: 0 (312) 394 04-70 () -71
Faks:
Email 1: haydar@mavicelik.com.tr
Email 2: info@mavicelik.com.tr
Web: http://www.mavicelik.com.tr/
Low alloyed and unalloyed steels corrode rapidly or undergo chemical abrasions depending on the environment. The use of dyestuffs or additional measures to prevent damage and corrosion may not provide the desired protection. For such cases, the selection of stainless steels is important.
Elements such as Cr, Si and Al that it contains combine with oxygen to form a very thin, dense and sticky oxide film layer. This layer prevents the formation of rust. In order for a material to be defined as corrosion resistant, the material loss per m2 must be less than 2.4 g.
Rusting is not only related to the alloy condition of the steel. The machining properties of the parts are also important in rusting. E.g; The corrosion rate of a precision-ground part is lower than that of a part with poor surface quality.
Classification of Stainless Steels;
-Chrome Steels,
-Chrome-Nickel Steels
-Chrome-Manganese Steels
-Multiphase Steels
The corrosion resistance of Chromium Steels primarily depends on the amount of chromium. They generally contain between 13-17% Chromium.
Chromium-Nickel Steels contain 13-21% Chromium, 5-20% Nickel and 0.02-0.16% Carbon. With the addition of nickel, their corrosion resistance increases.
Chromium-Manganese Steels; They can be used in special situations in parallel with the use of chromium-nickel steels. X 12 MnCR18 12 steel can be used at temperatures up to -180 degrees.
| STAINLESS STEELS AND THEIR COMPOSITIONS | ||||||||||||
| material no. | RELIGION | SAE / AISI | NS | Simax | mnmax | Pmax | Smax | cr | B.C | Ni | V | OTHER |
| 1.4000 | X 6 Cr 13 | 403 | 0.00-0.08 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 12.0-14.0 | – | – | – | – |
| 1.4002 | X 6 CrAl 13 | 405 | 0.00-0.08 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 12.0-14.0 | – | – | – | Take 0.10-0.30 |
| 1.4006 | X 10 Cr 13 | 410 | 0.08-0.15 | 1.00 | 1:50 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 11.5-13.5 | – | – | – | – |
| 1.4016 | X 8 Cr 17 | 430 | 0.00-0.10 | 0.75 | 1.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 16.0-18.0 | – | – | – | – |
| 1.4021 | X 20 Cr 13 | 420 | 0.16-0.25 | 1.00 | 1:50 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 12.0-14.0 | – | – | – | – |
| 1.4024 | X 15 Cr 13 | – | 0.12-0.17 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 12.0-14.0 | – | – | – | – |
| 1.4031 | X 40 Cr 13 | – | 0.36-0.42 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 12.5-14.5 | – | – | – | – |
| 1.4057 | X 22 CrNi 17 | 431 | 0.12-0.22 | 1.00 | 1:50 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 15.0-17.0 | – | 1.50-2.50 | – | – |
| 1.4104 | X 12 CrMoS 17 | 430 F | 0.10-0.17 | 1.00 | 1:50 | 0.040 | 0.15-0.30 | 15.5-17.5 | 0.20-0.60 | – | – | – |
| 1.4113 | X 6 CrMo 17 | 434 | 0.00-0.08 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 16.0-18.0 | 0.90-1.40 | – | – | – |
| 1.4116 | X 45 CrMoV 15 | – | 0.45-0.55 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 14.0-15.0 | 0.50-0.80 | – | 0.10-0.20 | – |
| 1.4301 | X 5 CrNi 18 9 | 304 | 0.00-0.07 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 17.0-19.5 | – | 8.0-10.5 | – | – |
| 1.4303 | X 5 CrNi 18 12 | 308 ; 305 | 0.00-0.06 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 17.0-19.0 | – | 11.0-13.0 | – | – |
| 1.4305 | X8CrNiS18-9 | 303 | 0.00-0.15 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 0.045 | 0.15-0.35 | 17.0-19.0 | – | 8.0-10.0 | – | – |
| 1.4306 | X2CrNi19-11 | 304L | 0.00-0.03 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 18.0-20.0 | – | 10.0-12.0 | – | – |
| 1.4311 | X 2 CrNiN 18 10 | 304 LN | 0.00-0.03 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 17.0-19.0 | – | 8.0-11.5 | – | N 0.12-0.22 |
| 1.4401 | X5CrNiMo17-12-2 | 316 | 0.00-0.07 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 16.5-18.5 | 2.0-2.50 | 10.0-13.0 | – | – |
| 1.4404 | X2CrNiMo17-12-2 | 316L | 0.00-0.03 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 16.5-18.5 | 2.0-2.50 | 10.0-13.0 | – | N 0.00-0.11 |
| 1.4406 | X2CrNiMoN17-11-2 | 316 LN | 0.00- 0.03 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 16.5-18.5 | 2.0-2.50 | 10.0-12.0 | – | N 0.12-0.22 |
| 1.4429 | X2CrNiMoN17-13-3 | 316 LN | 0.00-0.03 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 16.5-18.5 | 2.5-3.0 | 11.0-14.0 | – | N 0.12-0.22 |
| 1.4435 | X2CrNiMo18-14-3 | 0.00-0.03 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 17.0-19.0 | 2.5-3.0 | 12.5-15.0 | – | Ti : 7x%C | |
| 1.4436 | X3CrNiMo17-13-3 | 0.00-0.05 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 16.5-18.5 | 2.5-3.0 | 10.5-13.0 | – | Nb : 12x%C | |
| 1.4438 | X2CrNiMo18-15-4 | 317 L | 0.00-0.03 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 17.5-19.5 | 3.0-4.0 | 13.0-16.0 | – | – |
| 1.4510 | X 3 CrTi 17 | XM 8 ; 430 Ti | 0.00-0.05 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 16.0-18.0 | – | – | – | – |
| 1.4511 | X 3 CrNb 17 | – | 0.00-0.05 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.040 | 0.030 | 16.0-18.0 | – | – | – | Nb : 12x%C?1 |
| 1.4541 | X6CrNiTi18-10 | 321 | 0.00-0.08 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 17.0-19.0 | – | 9.0-12.0 | – | Ti : 5x%C?0.7 |
| 1.4550 | X6CrNiNb18-10 | 347 | 0.00-0.08 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 17.0-19.0 | – | 9.0-12.0 | – | Nb : 10x%C?1 |
| 1.4571 | X6CrNiMoTi17-12-2 | 316 Ti | 0.00-0.08 | 1.00 | 2.00 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 16.5-18.5 | 2.0-2.50 | 10.5-13.5 | – | Ti : 5x%C?0.7 |
| HEAT TREATMENT OF STAINLESS STEELS | |||||||||||
| material no. | RELIGION | SAE / AISI | Forging Temperature ( °C ) | Soft Annealing Temperature ( °C ) | Hardening Temperature ( °C ) | Cooling Environment | Strength – Hardness | Tempering Temperature ( °C ) | |||
| weather | oil | That | mpa | HRC | |||||||
| 1.4000 | X 6 Cr 13 | 403 | 1150-750 | 750-800 | 950-1000 | * | * | – | – | – | 750-700 |
| 1.4002 | X 6 CrAl 13 | 405 | 1150-750 | 750-800 | 950-1000 | * | * | – | – | – | 750-700 |
| 1.4006 | X 10 Cr 13 | 410 | 1150-750 | 750-850 | 950-1000 | * | * | – | 1030 | 31 | 750-700 |
| 1.4016 | X 8 Cr 17 | 430 | 1150-750 | 750-850 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 1.4021 | X 20 Cr 13 | 420 | 1150-750 | 750-800 | 980-1030 | * | * | – | 1570 | 47 | 750-650 |
| 1.4024 | X 15 Cr 13 | – | 1150-750 | 750-800 | 980-1030 | * | * | – | 1470 | 45 | 750-700 |
| 1.4031 | X 40 Cr 13 | – | 1100-800 | 750-800 | 1000-1050 | * | * | – | 1930 | 55 | 200-100 |
| 1.4057 | X 22 CrNi 17 | 431 | 1100-750 | 700-750 | 1000-1050 | – | * | – | 1570 | 47 | 720-630 |
| 1.4104 | X 12 CrMoS 17 | 430 F | 1100-750 | 800-850 | 1025-1050 | – | * | – | 930 | 27 | 600-550 |
| 1.4113 | X 6 CrMo 17 | 434 | 1050-750 | 750-850 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 1.4116 | X 45 CrMoV 15 | – | 1100-850 | 750-850 | 1050-1100 | * | * | – | 2190 | 59 | 200-100 |
| 1.4301 | X 5 CrNi 18 9 | 304 | 1150-750 | – | 1000-1050 | * | – | * | – | – | – |
| 1.4303 | X 5 CrNi 18 12 | 308 ; 305 | 1150-750 | – | 1000-1050 | * | – | * | – | – | – |
| 1.4305 | X8CrNiS18-9 | 303 | 1150-750 | – | 1000-1050 | * | – | * | – | – | – |
| 1.4306 | X2CrNi19-11 | 304L | 1150-750 | – | 1000-1050 | * | – | * | – | – | – |
| 1.4311 | X 2 CrNiN 18 10 | 304 LN | 1150-750 | – | 1000-1050 | * | – | * | – | – | – |
| 1.4401 | X5CrNiMo17-12-2 | 316 | 1150-750 | – | 1050-1100 | * | – | * | – | – | – |
| 1.4404 | X2CrNiMo17-12-2 | 316L | 1150-750 | – | 1050-1100 | * | – | * | – | – | – |
| 1.4406 | X2CrNiMoN17-11-2 | 316 LN | 1150-750 | – | 1050-1100 | * | – | * | – | – | – |
| 1.4429 | X2CrNiMoN17-13-3 | 316 LN | 1150-750 | – | 1050-1100 | * | – | * | – | – | – |
| 1.4435 | X2CrNiMo18-14-3 | 316L | 1150-750 | – | 1050-1100 | * | – | * | – | – | – |
| 1.4436 | X3CrNiMo17-13-3 | 316 | 1150-750 | – | 1050-1100 | * | – | * | – | – | – |
| 1.4438 | X2CrNiMo18-15-4 | 317 L | 1150-750 | – | 1050-1100 | * | – | * | – | – | – |
| 1.4510 | X 3 CrTi 17 | XM 8 ; 430 Ti | 1150-750 | 750-850 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 1.4511 | X 3 CrNb 17 | – | 1150-750 | 750-850 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 1.4541 | X6CrNiTi18-10 | 321 | 1150-750 | – | 1020-1070 | * | – | * | – | – | – |
| 1.4550 | X6CrNiNb18-10 | 347 | 1150-750 | – | 1020-1070 | * | – | * | – | – | – |
| MAGNETABILITY AND POLISHING FEATURE ON STAINLESS STEELS | ||||||
| material no. | RELIGION | SAE / AISI | Magnetizability | Ability to be polished | ||
| Yeah | No | Good | Normal | |||
| 1.4000 | X 6 Cr 13 | 403 | * | – | * | – |
| 1.4002 | X 6 CrAl 13 | 405 | * | – | – | * |
| 1.4006 | X 10 Cr 13 | 410 | * | – | * | – |
| 1.4016 | X 8 Cr 17 | 430 | * | – | * | – |
| 1.4021 | X 20 Cr 13 | 420 | * | – | * | – |
| 1.4024 | X 15 Cr 13 | – | * | – | * | – |
| 1.4031 | X 40 Cr 13 | – | * | – | * | – |
| 1.4057 | X 22 CrNi 17 | 431 | * | – | – | * |
| 1.4104 | X 12 CrMoS 17 | 430 F | * | – | * | – |
| 1.4113 | X 6 CrMo 17 | 434 | * | – | * | – |
| 1.4116 | X 45 CrMoV 15 | – | * | – | * | – |
| 1.4301 | X 5 CrNi 18 9 | 304 | – | * | * | – |
| 1.4303 | X 5 CrNi 18 12 | 308 ; 305 | – | * | * | – |
| 1.4305 | X8CrNiS18-9 | 303 | – | * | * | – |
| 1.4306 | X2CrNi19-11 | 304L | – | * | * | – |
| 1.4311 | X 2 CrNiN 18 10 | 304 LN | – | * | * | – |
| 1.4401 | X5CrNiMo17-12-2 | 316 | – | * | * | – |
| 1.4404 | X2CrNiMo17-12-2 | 316L | – | * | * | – |
| 1.4406 | X2CrNiMoN17-11-2 | 316 LN | – | * | * | – |
| 1.4429 | X2CrNiMoN17-13-3 | 316 LN | – | * | * | – |
| 1.4435 | X2CrNiMo18-14-3 | 316L | – | * | * | – |
| 1.4436 | X3CrNiMo17-13-3 | 316 | – | * | * | – |
| 1.4438 | X2CrNiMo18-15-4 | 317 L | – | * | * | – |
| 1.4510 | X 3 CrTi 17 | XM 8 ; 430 Ti | * | – | – | * |
| 1.4511 | X 3 CrNb 17 | – | * | – | – | * |
| 1.4541 | X6CrNiTi18-10 | 321 | – | * | – | * |
| 1.4550 | X6CrNiNb18-10 | 347 | – | * | – | * |
| MECHANICAL VALUES IN STAINLESS STEELS | ||||||||||||||||||
| material no. | RELIGION | SAE / AISI | HEAT TREATMENT STATUS | HARDNESS (RSD-C) | Rp 0.2% Flow Limit | Tensile Strength Mpa | A5 Elongation at break L0=5d0 ?% | |||||||||||
| 20 | 50 | one hundred | 150 | 200 | 300 | 400 | 500 | 550 | ||||||||||
| Annealed | IMPROVEMENT | HARDENING | FAST COOLING | |||||||||||||||
| 1.4000 | X 6 Cr 13 | 403 | * | – | – | – | 130…180 | 250 | 240 | 235 | 230 | 225 | 220 | 195 | – | – | 450..650 | 20 |
| 1.4002 | X 6 CrAl 13 | 405 | * | – | – | – | 130…180 | 250 | 240 | 235 | 230 | 225 | 220 | 195 | – | – | 450…650 | 20 |
| 1.4006 | X 10 Cr 13 | 410 | * | – | – | – | 140…180 | 300 | 285 | 275 | 265 | 260 | 245 | – | – | – | 550…700 | 20 |
| 1.4016 | X 8 Cr 17 | 430 | * | – | – | – | 130…170 | 270 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 450…660 | 20 |
| 1.4021 | X 20 Cr 13 | 420 | – | * | – | – | 160…210 | 400 | 550…700 | 18 | ||||||||
| 1.4024 | X 15 Cr 13 | – | * | – | – | – | ?220 | 440 | ?750 | – | ||||||||
| 1.4031 | X 40 Cr 13 | – | * | – | – | – | ?250 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ?800 | – |
| 1.4057 | X 22 CrNi 17 | 431 | * | – | – | – | ?275 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ?950 | – |
| 1.4104 | X 12 CrMoS 17 | 430 F | * | – | – | – | 160…210 | 300 | 550…700 | 20 | ||||||||
| 1.4113 | X 6 CrMo 17 | 434 | * | – | – | – | 130…180 | 270 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 450…650 | 20 |
| 1.4116 | X 45 CrMoV 15 | – | * | – | – | – | ?260 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ?900 | – |
| 1.4301 | X 5 CrNi 18 9 | 304 | – | – | – | – | 130…180 | 185 | 175 | 155 | 140 | 127 | 110 | 98 | 92 | 90 | 500…700 | 50 |
| 1.4303 | X 5 CrNi 18 12 | 308 ; 305 | – | – | – | * | 130…180 | 185 | 175 | 155 | 140 | 127 | 110 | 98 | 92 | 90 | 500…700 | 50 |
| 1.4305 | X8CrNiS18-9 | 303 | – | – | – | * | 130…180 | 215 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 500…700 | 50 |
| 1.4306 | X2CrNi19-11 | 304L | – | – | – | * | 130…180 | 175 | 165 | 145 | 130 | 118 | one hundred | 89 | 81 | 80 | 450…700 | 50 |
| 1.4311 | X 2 CrNiN 18 10 | 304 LN | – | – | – | * | 140…200 | 270 | 245 | 205 | 175 | 157 | 136 | 125 | 119 | 118 | 550…750 | 40 |
| 1.4401 | X5CrNiMo17-12-2 | 316 | – | – | – | * | 130…180 | 205 | 195 | 175 | 158 | 145 | 127 | 115 | 110 | 108 | 500…700 | 45 |
| 1.4404 | X2CrNiMo17-12-2 | 316L | – | – | – | * | 120…180 | 195 | 185 | 165 | 150 | 137 | 119 | 108 | one hundred | 98 | 450…700 | 45 |
| 1.4406 | X2CrNiMoN17-11-2 | 316 LN | – | – | – | * | 150…210 | 280 | 250 | 211 | 185 | 167 | 145 | 135 | 129 | 127 | 600…800 | 40 |
| 1.4429 | X2CrNiMoN17-13-3 | 316 LN | – | – | – | * | 150…210 | 300 | 265 | 225 | 197 | 178 | 155 | 145 | 138 | 136 | 600…800 | 40 |
| 1.4435 | X2CrNiMo18-14-3 | 316L | – | – | – | * | 120…180 | 195 | 185 | 165 | 150 | 137 | 119 | 108 | one hundred | 98 | 450…700 | 45 |
| 1.4436 | X3CrNiMo17-13-3 | 316 | – | – | – | * | 130…180 | 205 | 195 | 175 | 158 | 145 | 127 | 115 | 110 | 108 | 500…700 | 45 |
| 1.4438 | X2CrNiMo18-15-4 | 317 L | – | – | – | * | 130…180 | 195 | 187 | 170 | 158 | 144 | 126 | 116 | 110 | 108 | 500…700 | 45 |
| 1.4510 | X 3 CrTi 17 | XM 8 ; 430 Ti | * | – | – | – | 130…170 | 270 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 450…600 | 20 |
| 1.4511 | X 3 CrNb 17 | – | * | – | – | – | 130…170 | 270 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 450…600 | 20 |
| 1.4541 | X6CrNiTi18-10 | 321 | – | – | – | * | 130…190 | 205 | 190 | 176 | 165 | 155 | 136 | 125 | 119 | 118 | 500…750 | 40 |
| 1.4550 | X6CrNiNb18-10 | 347 | – | – | – | * | 130…190 | 205 | 190 | 176 | 165 | 155 | 136 | 125 | 119 | 118 | 500…750 | 40 |
| 1.4571 | X6CrNiMoTi17-12-2 | 316 Ti | – | – | – | * | 130…190 | 225 | 205 | 190 | 176 | 165 | 145 | 135 | 129 | 127 | 500…750 | 40 |
| APPLICATIONS OF STAINLESS STEELS | |||||||
| material no. | RELIGION | SAE / AISI | PLACE OF USE | ||||
| 1.4000 | X 6 Cr 13 | 403 | Construction parts for water and steam, white goods, interior architecture | ||||
| 1.4002 | X 6 CrAl 13 | 405 | Oil industry apparatus and parts, welded parts in water power plants | ||||
| 1.4006 | X 10 Cr 13 | 410 | Construction parts for water and steam, in the food industry | ||||
| 1.4016 | X 8 Cr 17 | 430 | Similar to 1.4001, but higher corrosion resistance, better deep drawing | ||||
| 1.4021 | X 20 Cr 13 | 420 | High strength parts such as axle, shaft, pump parts, valve cone, nozzle needle | ||||
| 1.4024 | X 15 Cr 13 | – | Construction parts such as shaft, pin, valve shaft | ||||
| 1.4031 | X 40 Cr 13 | – | Hardenable steel for cutting tools, wide blades, machine blades, razors, scissors, measuring tools rolling bearing | ||||
| 1.4057 | X 22 CrNi 17 | 431 | High-strength construction parts in the food, soap and vinegar industry | ||||
| 1.4104 | X 12 CrMoS 17 | 430 F | Parts such as bolts, shafts, bushings for water and steam to be processed in the vending machine | ||||
| 1.4113 | X 6 CrMo 17 | 434 | Auto and engine parts with high corrosion resistance | ||||
| 1.4116 | X 45 CrMoV 15 | – | All kinds of valuable cutters, as well as partially hardened parts | ||||
| 1.4301 | X 5 CrNi 18 9 | 304 | Apparatus and devices in the food industry can be welded, polished and well deep drawn. | ||||
| 1.4303 | X 5 CrNi 18 12 | 308 ; 305 | Chemical industry and bolt | ||||
| 1.4305 | X8CrNiS18-9 | 303 | Turned parts in the food and dairy industry, oil, soap, dyeing, paper and textile industry | ||||
| 1.4306 | X2CrNi19-11 | 304L | Parts and tools exposed to organic and fruit acids in the food, oil, soap and synthetic yarn industries | ||||
| 1.4311 | X 2 CrNiN 18 10 | 304 LN | Pressure vessel milk, dairy and beer industry in making chemical apparatus | ||||
| 1.4401 | X5CrNiMo17-12-2 | 316 | Parts and apparatus in the chemical and cellulose industry, oil fuel dyeing, soap and textile industry, milk and beer end. | ||||
| 1.4404 | X2CrNiMo17-12-2 | 316L | Parts and apparatus in the chemical and cellulose industry, oil fuel dyeing, soap and textile industry, milk and beer end. | ||||
| 1.4406 | X2CrNiMoN17-11-2 | 316 LN | Parts and apparatus in the chemical and cellulose industry, oil fuel dyeing, soap and textile industry, milk and beer end. | ||||
| 1.4429 | X2CrNiMoN17-13-3 | 316 LN | Pressure vessel and apparatus with high chemical resistance | ||||
| 1.4435 | X2CrNiMo18-14-3 | 316L | Parts to be welded with high chemical resistance in the cellulose, synthetic wool, textile and artificial silk industries | ||||
| 1.4436 | X3CrNiMo17-13-3 | 316 | Parts to be welded with high chemical resistance in the cellulose, synthetic wool, textile and artificial silk industries | ||||
| 1.4438 | X2CrNiMo18-15-4 | 317 L | Apparatus making in cellulose and chemical industry, chemicals transport container | ||||
| 1.4510 | X 3 CrTi 17 | XM 8 ; 430 Ti | Welded parts in the dairy, food and beer industries | ||||
| 1.4511 | X 3 CrNb 17 | – | Welded parts in dairy, food, beer, soap and dyeing industries, in weakly acidic environments | ||||
| 1.4541 | X6CrNiTi18-10 | 321 | Food, film and photographic industry, household appliances and apparatus | ||||
| 1.4550 | X6CrNiNb18-10 | 347 | Food, film and photographic industry, household appliances and apparatus | ||||
| 1.4571 | X6CrNiMoTi17-12-2 | 316 Ti | Apparatus and parts in the chemical industry, textile, cellulose, dyeing, photography, synthetic resin and rubber industry | ||||